He constructed the fort of Rohtasgarh on the banks of the river Jhelam in the north-west and Purana Qila at Delhi. He adopted the practices of maintaining the huliya of the soldiers and that of dag or branding of the horses. He also arranged the news carriers to carry the royal dak. There was no separate department of police at that time. He built the Grand Trunk Road (Sadak – i- Azam), He built a network of caravanserais (inns) for travellers, planted trees and dug wells. The peasants must have faced difficulty in paying the revenue in cash because of the difference in prices in different areas. He captured Delhi and established his own dynasty. Question 11. However, the best building constructed by him is his own mausoleum at Sasaram in Bihar. He was not the commander-in-chief of the army but looked after the recruitment, organisation, discipline, disbursement of the salaries of the soldiers and officers and all sorts of supplies to the army. These Sarkars were divided into Parganas. He educated himself with the same purpose. (d) The state preferred to collect revenue in the form of cash and, for that purpose, prices of every variety of cereals were fixed in different places. The assessment of land revenue was done on the basis of measurement of the sown land and peasant could pay only in cash.2. Click here for answer. The annual settlement of the revenue was inconvenient both to the peasants and state officials. The head of this department was the Wazir (Vazir). He captured Delhi and established his own dynasty. What was the real name of Sher Shah Suri? Sher Shah: Career and His Contest for Empire | India | Mughal Dynasty, Successors of Sher Shah | Mughul Dynasty | India, Biography of Sher Shah | Hindi | Mughal Empire | History, Nur Jahan’s Influence on History and Politics of India, Forts in India: 5 Magnificent Ancient Forts in India, Mosques in India: 15 Ancient Mosques in India. Important features of the revenue administration were as under: 1. He received their communications as well and reported them to the Sultan. He maintained peace in his Sarkar, supervised the work of his subordinate Shiqdars and helped in the collection of revenue and other taxes. Sher Shah abolished all those duties which were charged on merchandise at different places within his empire. Answer: Sher Shah adopted a system of branding horses (dagh) and maintaining a descriptive roll of the soldiers (chehra) were revived. B. He again expressed- “Justice does not consist in abstaining from oppression but in fair and honest dealing with men.” Sher Shah practised what he said and, on occasions, punished even his own relatives and nobles for high-handedness or oppression. Sher Shah emperor of north-eastern India (1540-1545) and founder of the Sur dynasty, was the son of Hasan Khan Sur, Jaigirdar of Sasaram (in Bihar). There were two chief officers in every Sarkar. In the administration, four ministers help Sher Shah. The greatest … Dr. Ashirwadi Lal compares him with Alauddin Khilji who was superior to Sher Shah Suri in administration and military achievements but lacked in constructive policies. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about history. Born in A.D. 1472, in the family of a jagirdar of Sasaram in Bihar and named as Farid.He went to Jaunpur, which was in those days a seat of Islamic learning and acquired knowledge in both Arabic and Persian. He studied Arabic and Persian, was interested in history and patronized scholars, yet he himself was not a scholar and no scholar flourished under his patronage. Besides the army of the Sultan, provincial governor, nobles and subordinate rulers were also allowed to maintain their separate armies which were called in for the assistance of the Sultan when needed. Administration of Sher Shah Suri: A detailed Summary Sher Shah Suri was benevolent ruler and was one of the greatest administrators of medieval India. Its basic features were as follows: (a) The system which Sher Shah introduced in most of the places was Ryotwari wherein the state kept direct relations with the peasants for … His treatment of Raja Puran Mal of Raisin was certainly a proof of religious bigotry. Next to him was the chief Qazi who was the head of the department of justice. He … (2007) The comprehensive Reform Programme introduced by Sher Shah Suri laid the foundation of … Sher Shah, certainly, succeeded in maintaining a large, disciplined and effective fighting force during his time. The local officers were held responsible for maintaining law and order and if they failed they were punished. Answer : Sher Shah was an able administrator. (2007) The comprehensive Reform Programme introduced by Sher Shah Suri laid the foundation of strong monarchy during Mughal rule. How many employees? His artillery, probably, was the weakest part of his military strength while the cavalry consisted mostly of the Afghans. Abul Fazl wrote that ‘he introduced the system of Alauddin which he had read in Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi and, thus, became the object of praise for coming generations.’ But this opinion of Abul Fazl concerning Sher Shah is not correct. That is why, he is accepted as the precursor of Akbar in many fields of administration. Sher Shah worked exceptionally hard, devoting himself to the affairs of the state from early morning to late at night. Several historians have described Sher Shah as the precursor of Akbar and he can, certainly, be assigned this place as an administrator. The first five year of Sher Shah’s administration were used in setting up a new template for civil administration in India. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Rather what he felt correct, he did. Sher Shah apparently continued the central machinery of administration, which had been developed during the Sultanate period. Sher Shah’s success during the short period of his rule challenges the support given by historians to the administrative failures of Babur and many others on the ground of the short duration of their rule. The main items of expenditure were the expenses to maintain the army, salaries of civilian officers and the expenditure of the royal household and the Sultan. 1. He is ranked among the best administrators of medieval India. 147 What is a map in programming? The police system, justice, protection of traders on roads, issue of good coins, etc., were also such measures of Sher Shah which induced development of trade and commerce. His administration has been centralised administration just like sultanate period. (e) The revenue on perishable articles was, however, paid by the peasants in form of cash only. Thus, the character of Sher Shah was not attractive but had all the virtues of a successful worldly-wise individual. Central and provincial administration : He divided his vast empire into different sarkars, sarkars into Parganas and paragons into villages. Sher Shah established a large standing army and introduced several reforms to make it disciplined, efficient and strong. It comprises the administration of 28 states including both north and south of India. Thus, there was no military governor in Bengal and there was no other officer commanding a sufficiently large force so as to be in a position to revolt against the Sultan. Therefore, Sher Shah comes closer to Shivaji but is not equal to him in this field. Explain the characteristics of the Sher-Shah administration. In this article we will discuss about administration of India under the reign of Sher Shah of the Mughal Dynasty. [citation needed] Humayun had two major rivals for his lands: Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat to the southwest and Sher Shah Suri (Sher Khan) settled along the river Ganges in Bihar to the east. There was a wide absorption peak between 3200 and 3400 cm −1 in the original pharmaceutical sludge sample, which represents the molecular hydrogen bond between the O H and … Sher Shah captured the throne of Delhi at the close of his life. That must have affected adversely the welfare of the peasants. Therefore, he paid personal attention towards the revenue administration and introduced certain successful measures to improve it. To introduce a planned administration, Sher Shah divided his empire into 66 units each of which was known as Sarkar or Shiq, headed by Shiqdar-i-Shiqdaran and Munsif-i-Munsifaran. He was courageous, capable of hard labour and expert in handling all weapons. In the opinion of S.A. Rashid, as an able general, consummate soldier, as a determined ruler Sher Shah stand head over shoulders above the other rulers. Sher Shah paid due respect to the sentiments and traditions of the Afghans with a view to win their respect and loyalty. Sher Shah occupies an important place among the rulers of Indian history. Keene has also commented- “No government not even the British has shown so much wisdom as this Pathan.”. The entire Suba was divided into Sarkars (districts), each being looked after by a military officer called the chief Shiqdar. That is why, he arranged charity for the poor. MINISTERS UNDER ADMINISTRATION OF SHER SHAH SURI. (j) According to the orders of the Sultan, the peasants were treated with generosity while fixing the revenue but once settled they were asked to pay their revenue without any mercy on behalf of the state. He first served on Sher Shah’s court, but later joined Akbar. He believed in acquiring worldly success and he achieved it. Born in 1472, his original name was Farid. There was no place for generous sentiments and emotional foolishness in his character. Delhi sultanate, principal Muslim power in north India from the 13th to the 16th century, enabled by the campaigns of the Ghurid dynasty and made independent by Iltutmish. Explain why an ammeter should be of very low resistance? He clearly understood his aim and attempted to achieve it in a cold and calculated manner. View Answer. Besides, he attempted certain measures successfully which became good examples for Akbar. Long Answer Type Questions. Sher Shah destroyed the structure and no further work was done on it after Humayun's restoration. He performed his daily religious rites punctually, arranged for charity to the poor and worked hard for the welfare of his subjects. 15 years, it introduced an administration that borrowed elements from Alauddin khalji and made them more efficient. TOS4. He was the son of a petty Jagirdar and was neglected by his father. Built of red and buff sand-stone, it is ornamented with black and white marble and coloured tiles. Shēr Shah of Sūr, emperor of north India (1540–45) in the Islamic Sūr (Afghan) dynasty of 1540–57 who organized a long-lived bureaucracy responsible to the ruler and created a carefully calculated revenue system. medieval india: society, culture and religion study material v semester core course b.a.history (2011 admission onwards) university of calicut school of distance education Every Pargana was under a Shikqdar, who looked into the law and order of his Pargana. Primarily, he was a practical man. Of course, he was not an innovator but he infused a new spirit in the old institutions and improved them. He also successfully utilised their united strength against the Mughuls and captured the throne of Delhi. Dr Qanungo described these sarais as “veritable articles of the empire.”. Abbas Khan Sarwani concluded- “Sher Shah, in his wisdom and experience, was a second Haidar.” H.G. What information does Abul […] The criminal law was severe and the offenders were punished by flogging, fines, imprisonment and even cutting of the limbs. The chief Qazi was the head of the administration of justice only next to the Sultan. You have given a better summary.You have written that there is no provinces but i am not agree with you.shershah has divided his regine in three kinds of -like provinces--according to Historion A. L.Shrivastava.Please also see the arguments of Parmatmasaran and K.R.Kanoonago.----amreshprabhakar4@gmail.com . He used to say- “Justice is the most excellent of religious rites and it is approved both by the kings of the infidels and the faithfuls.”. One of the greatest achievements of Sher Shah in administration was his construction of roads connecting important parts of his empire with his capital. 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